urethra. The posterior aspect of the prostate is very close to the rectum - hence, doctors can feel and examine the prostate by performing a rectal examination.
There are different "zones" of the prostate, but the 2 most clinically important zones are the peripheral zone (where prostate cancer usually occurs), and the transition zone (where benign prostate enlargement usually occurs).
At the apex of the prostate is a complex muscular/soft tissue structure called the URETHRAL SPHINCTER which is critical for urine control (continence). Along the sides of the prostate, and within the soft tissue coverings of the gland, run nerve (the CAVERNOUS NERVES) which supply the penis and are responsible for penile erections (potency). The close relationship of the urethral sphincter and cavernous nerves is what makes prostate surgery so delicate; it requires tremendous precision to remove the prostate while preserving this sphincter and nerves.
